ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of Pingchuanguben Decoction on IL-17 level of bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and airway remolding in mice with asthma.Methods Forty healthy female Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 rats in each group):normal control group,asthma group,Pingchuanguben Decoction group and Budesonide group.The asthmatic models were established by ovalbumin (OVA) ; the normal control group was treated with phosphate buffer solution (PBS liquid) by celiac injection,during this period Pingchuanguben Decoction was administered to the mice in Pingchuanguben Decoction group each day.In stimulation stage,the normal control group was atomization inhalated PBS liquid,and the rest of the 3 groups were given aerosolized OVA instead.Budesonide atomization was administered to mice in Budesonide group before stimulation.The levels of IL-17 in BALF were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in lung tissues were tested with immunohistochemical analysis.Results 1.The levels of IL-17 in BALF in Pingchuanguben Decoction group and Budesonide group were significantly lower than those in asthma group (all P ＜0.05),and the IL-17 in BALF was increased compared with the normal control group (P ＜0.01).2.The levels MMP-9,T IMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 were decreased in the Pingchuanguben Decoction group and Budesonide group compared with those of asthmatic group (all P ＜ 0.01),and the MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 were increased compared with the normal control group(all P ＜0.01).There was no significant difference between Pingchuanguben Decoction group and Budesonide group (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Pingchuanguben Decoction may restrain airway inflammation and remolding,which can replace Budesonide to a certain extent.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reconstruct a finite element model of human middle ear and measure characteristic dimensions of this model and calculate the mass properties of the ossicles.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The proposed method starts with the histologic section preparation of human temporal bone. Through tracing outlines of the middle ear components on the sections in AutoCAD2005, a set of exterior contours of the components is obtained. The three-dimensional solid model of middle ear, including tympanic membrane, ossicular bones, middle ear suspensory ligaments/muscles, are reconstructed using these contours in Unigraphics (UG). To prepare for finite element analysis (FEA) of the middle ear, all surfaces of the solid model are translated into ADINA, a commercial FE model package. Based on these surfaces, FE meshes of the middle ear are created, and material properties and boundaries are set up. The characteristic dimensions of this model are measured and the mass properties of the ossicles are calculated to confirm the accuracy of the geometric model constructed following the proposed method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The three-dimensional finite element model of the human middle ear that included tympanic membrane, ossicular bones and middle ear suspensory ligaments/muscles was reconstructed. The accuracy of this geometric model was confirmed with the outcome of the characteristic dimensions of this model and the mass properties of the ossicles.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The proposed method not only provides an effective, convenient, economic, accurate way to reconstruct the three dimensional finite element model of human middle, but also provides a detailed knowledge of middle ear geometry that is required for finite element analysis.</p>